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Eye Town Hall |
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Eye
Eye shown within Suffolk |
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Population | 1,716 (2001 Censuss) |
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OS grid reference | TM144739 |
District | Mid Suffolk |
Shire county | Suffolk |
Region | East |
Country | England |
Sovereign state | UnitedKingdom |
Post town | EYE |
Postcode district | IP23 |
Dialling code | 01379 |
Police | Suffolk |
Fire | Suffolk |
Ambulance | East of England |
EU Parliament | East ofEngland |
UK Parliament | Central Suffolk and North Ipswich |
List of places: UK ⢠England ⢠Suffolk |
Eye is a small market town in the county of Suffolk, East Anglia, England, south of Diss, and on the River Dove.
Eye is twinned with the town of Pouzauges in the VendeeDepartement of France
Contents
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History
- An Island
The town of Eye derives its name from the Old English word for 'island' and it isbelieved that the first settlement on the site would have beenalmost entirely surrounded by water and marshland formed by theRiver Dove to the East and South East; its tributary to the North;and by the low land, part of which now forms the Town Moor, to theSouth and West. Even today, the area is still prone to flooding inareas close to the River Dove, a tributary of the River Waveney whichforms the boundary between Suffolk and Norfolk.
- Earliest Habitation
There have been Palaeolithic, Mesolithic, Neolithic and Bronze Age finds in and around Eye but theearliest evidence of settlement in the town dates from the Roman period andincludes buildings and coins dated circa 365 A large Anglo-Saxoncemetery including many urned cremations and some furnishedinhumations, in use during the sixth century AD, was excavated nearthe Waterloo Plantation, Eye, in 1818.
- Norman Eye
In SaxonBritain, before theNorman Conquest, Eye was one of thenumerous holdings of Edric of Laxfield, a wealthy and influentialSaxon and the third largest land holder in Suffolk. After the Norman Conquest,the importance of the town was firmly established in the regionwhen the Honour of Eye wasgranted to William Malet, a NormanLord, and continued to be held by royal or noble families until1823. Between 1066 and 1071, Malet constructed a castle, toestablish his military and administrative headquarters, and starteda highly successful market thus initiating the urbanisation of the settlement. Later in 1086-7, Robert Malet,Williamâs son, founded the Benedictine Priory of St Peter, a cell of theAbbey of Bernay in Normandy.
- The Castle
Eye Castle
Eye began to lose its strategic importance after 1173 when thecastle was attacked by Hugh Bigod, 1st Earl ofNorfolk, during the rebellion against HenryII, and later during the Second Barons' War of 1265 afterwhich it never regained its former status. Its prison continued inuse up until the early 17th century despite a programme ofdemolition of most of the castle buildings during the 14th century.A windmill, built in1561-2, stood on the motte until the circular mock keep wasbuilt in 1844. The ruins of the keep are still in place today, andCastle Street and Church Street trace the elliptical shape of theformer outer bailey.
- The Church
parish church of Ss. Peter & Paul
There has been a church in Eye at least since 1066 but thepresent building, the Church of St Peter and St Paul, dates fromthe fourteenth century, it is considered one of the finest churchesin the county. A thirteenth century Early Englishdoorway, from a former building, was retained in the constructionof the church. In the fifteenth, and again the sixteenth centuries,there were periods of new work and of renovation. The church wasrestored in 1868 by James Colling, a London architect. A particularfeature of the church is the magnificent late-fifteenth century rood screen which has aloft and rood designed by Ninian Comper in 1925. The screen isreputed to originate from Great MassinghamPriory in Norfolk.
- Commerce
The earliest mention of industry in Eye records that in 1673'the women's employ in this town is making of bone lace' and in 1830, 'the humbler class ofindustrious females employ themselves in lace making'. It wouldappear that Eye was at the centre of a localised lace makingindustry for many years; the last lacemaker in the town died in1914. Lace was not the only industry, however, and the CountyDirectories list the many trades and occupations of the people ofEye over the 18th and 19th centuries. They included blacksmiths,wheelwrights, coopers, clockmakers, tailors, milliners andprinters.
There were several slaughterhouses, two breweries, and tworetteries for the processing of flax. Iron and brass founders,agricultural implement makers, and church bell frame makers andhangers remained in operation into the 20th century. Businessesrecorded in Eye in 1937 included auctioneers, booksellers &printers, boot & shoe makers, corn chandlers, drapers, surgeonsand watchmakers as well as banks, bakers, butchers and grocers.
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- The Borough
Eye was once the smallest borough in the country, its claimbased on the 1205 Charter ofKing John.The Charter was renewed in 1408 then many more times by successivemonarchs. However, in 1885 the Town Clerk of Hythe proved that the original Charterbelonged only to Hythe in Kent, the error having arisen from the similarityof the early English names. The error was confirmed by archivistsin the 1950s but borough status was not discontinued until 1974after government reorganization when Eye became a civil parish butretained a Town Council, a Mayor and the insignia. From 1571 to1832 Eye returned two MPs, then, following the Reform Act1832, a single MP until 1983 after which the Eye Constituencybecame the Suffolk Central constituency.
- The Railway
In 1846 Eye Borough Council failed in its attempt to route thenew London-Norwichrailway line through Eye. The line,completed in 1849, went instead through Diss ensuring its growth in prosperity andpopulation while the importance of Eye waned. Eye railway station,located at the end of a branch line from Mellis, closed in 1964. Today Eye retains itscharacter as a small market town, with a population of around2,000. Diss is more than three times the size.
Servicesand Amenities
- Historical
Through the years Eye has had a Deer Park, a Leper Hospital, a Gaol, aWorkhouse, a David Fisher Theatre, a Coaching inn with Posting Establishment, aWorking Menâs Hall and Reading Room, a Guildhall, a Grammar School, twenty pubs(including beer houses) and an Airfield which was occupied by the 480th and490thUSAAF Bomb Groups duringWorld War II.
- Present
Eye today has a hospital, a health centre, three schoolsincluding Hartismere High School, threechurches, a library, a police station, a fire station, anindustrial estate on the former airfield, a WImarket, and a picnic site (The Pennings) beside the River Dove.The Town Moors recreation site has play areas including askateboard park, football pitches and a large area of woodlandwalks. Eye also boasted one of the smallest professional theatresin the country which inhabited the Assembly Room of the formerWhite Lion Coaching Inn. The Somershey Theatre (1988-1990) becameEye Theatre (1991-2005). The building is now in private hands andthe former booking office, fronting onto Broad Street, is asecondhand bookshop. Indeed, the town's range of shops isrefreshingly traditional; free of charity shops, coffee shops andretail chains.
ListedBuildings
Eye has three Grade One listed buildings:the Guildhall (now aprivate house); the castle and the Church of St Peter and St Paul.There are seven Grade Two* and 152 Grade Two buildings in the town.Eye Town Hall, an imaginative and unorthodox building dating from1856 and listed Grade Two*, was designed by EdwardBuckton Lamb, one of the 'Rogue Architects' of themid-Victorian period. The Town Hall rather divides opinion locally,between those determined that it has to be preserved and others whoagree with Pevsner that the building is out of sale and characterto the surrounding townscape. The building is in an increasinglyfragile state, but funds have been secured to preserve it, withmajor building work scheduled to take place during much of 2010.The weekly Country Market, held in the Town Hall on Wednesdaysbetween 10 and 11am, was shortlisted for the 2009 BBC Food andFarming Awards.
Notableresidents
Sir Edward Clarence Kerrison [1821-1886] 2nd Baronet. M.P.Resided at Oakley Park in Hoxne.
Sir Frederick Ashton [September 17, 1904 -October 18, 1988] was born at Guayaquil in Ecuador and at an earlyage became interested in ballet. He became the residentchoreographer with The Royal Ballet and was knighted in 1962, forhis services to ballet and resided at Chandos Lodge in Eye and atYaxley, where he is buried alongside his sister.
James Govier [1910-1974] British painter, etcher and engraver,born at Oakley in Buckinghamshire came to Eye as the artmaster ofEye Grammar School in 1947 and remained until 1965. Govier lived atHoxne and became the artmaster at Diss Grammar School from1965-1972. Examples of his work can be found in various Nationaland Regional museums.
Janet Frame[1924-2004], the New Zealand author, spent a short period in 1963/4living a rented cottage in Braiseworth, near Eye, where she beganher novel An Adaptable Man, which was inspired by thelocal area with Eye being fictionalised as 'Murston'.
Noel LLoyd (1924-98) & Geoffrey Palmer (1912-2005), authorsof several Observer's Books (including 'London'and 'Victoriana') briefly ran Compton Books in Eye during the early1980s before relocating to nearby Harleston.
See also
References
- The History of Eye, Clive Paine ISBN0-9522509-0-X
- An Illustrated History of Eye. By Stephen Govier, published2009.
- S.E. West, 1998, A Corpus of Anglo-Saxon material from Suffolk,East Anglian Archaeology 84, 35-6.
Externallinks
Babergh ⢠Forest Heath ⢠Ipswich ⢠Mid Suffolk ⢠StEdmundsbury ⢠Suffolk Coastal ⢠Waveney
Aldeburgh ⢠Beccles ⢠Brandon ⢠Bungay â¢Bury StEdmunds ⢠Clare ⢠Eye ⢠Felixstowe ⢠Framlingham ⢠Hadleigh ⢠Halesworth ⢠Haverhill ⢠Leiston ⢠Lowestoft ⢠Mildenhall ⢠NeedhamMarket ⢠Newmarket ⢠Orford â¢Saxmundham ⢠Southwold ⢠Stowmarket ⢠Sudbury ⢠Walton â¢Woodbridge
See also:List of civil parishes inSuffolk
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